Crowding out: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 18:55, 17 August 2011

Motivation crowding theory is an phenomena in economics that explains how, for example, paid labor can undermine intrinsic motivation. In particular, I am interested in the effect that crowding out has on free and open source software projects where large number of contributions may come from volunteers. Unintuitively, it seems that paying people to do a task may reduce the amount of work completed.

Web pages that discuss the topic include (and in particular its relevance to free software and other information commons):

Wikipedia articles on the crowding out in economics theory and on Motivation crowding theory
Page on the Rewards Controversy
Discussion of the issue as it pertains to free software as it appeared on Luis Villa's blog
Mako's article on Problems and Strategies in Financing Voluntary Free Software Projects
User:Evan Prodromou's Paying wiki contributors

Academic References[edit]

Enjolras, Bernard. 2002. “Does the Commercialization of Voluntary Organizations 'Crowd out' Voluntary Work?.” Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 73:375-398. [1]

Frey, Bruno S., and Reto Jegen. 2001. “Motivation Crowding Theory.” Journal of Economic Surveys 15:589-611. [2][3]

Frey, B. S., and L. Goette. 1999. “Does Pay Motivate Volunteers?.”.[4]

Gneezy, Uri, and Aldo Rustichini. 2000. “Pay Enough or Don't Pay at All.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115:791-810. [5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[wikipedia:Motivation crowding theory|Motivation crowding theory]] is an phenomena in economics that explains how, for example, paid labor can undermine intrinsic motivation. In particular, I am interested in the effect that crowding out has on free and open source software projects where large number of contributions may come from volunteers. Unintuitively, it seems that paying people to do a task may reduce the amount of work completed.
-Web pages that discuss the topic include:
+Web pages that discuss the topic include (and in particular its relevance to free software and other information commons):
+* Wikipedia articles on the [[wikipedia:Crowding_out_(economics)|crowding out in economics theory]] and on [[wikipedia:Motivation crowding theory|Motivation crowding theory]]
 * [http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/cont_reward.html Page on the Rewards Controversy]
 * [http://tieguy.org/blog/2006/06/18/crowding-out-of-intrinsic-motivations-aka-the-bounty-problem/ Discussion of the issue as it pertains to free software] as it appeared on Luis Villa's blog
+* [[User:Benjamin Mako Hill|Mako's]] article on [http://mako.cc/writing/funding_volunteers/funding_volunteers.html Problems and Strategies in Financing Voluntary Free Software Projects]
+* [[User:Evan Prodromou]]'s [http://evan.prodromou.name/Paying_wiki_contributors Paying wiki contributors]
 === Academic References ===
-{{Cite
+<div style="line-height:1.1em;margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.5in;">
-| publisher = Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, University of Zurich
+<p style="margin:0">Enjolras, Bernard. 2002. “Does the Commercialization of Voluntary Organizations 'Crowd out' Voluntary Work?.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics</span> 73:375-398. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1111/1467-8292.00197&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Does%20the%20Commercialization%20of%20Voluntary%20Organizations%20'Crowd%20out'%20Voluntary%20Work%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Annals%20of%20Public%20and%20Cooperative%20Economics&amp;rft.volume=73&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.aulast=Enjolras&amp;rft.au=Bernard%20Enjolras&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pages=375-398"></span>[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118931831/abstract]</p>
-| last = Frey
-| first = B. S.
-| coauthors = L. Goette
-| title = Does Pay Motivate Volunteers?
-| date = 1999
-}}
-{{Cite journal
+<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Frey, Bruno S., and Reto Jegen. 2001. “Motivation Crowding Theory.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Economic Surveys</span> 15:589-611. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1111/1467-6419.00150&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Motivation%20Crowding%20Theory&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20Economic%20Surveys&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruno%20S.&amp;rft.aulast=Frey&amp;rft.au=Bruno%20S.%20Frey&amp;rft.au=Reto%20Jegen&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.pages=589-611"></span>[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-6419.00150][http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=203330]</p>
-| doi = 10.1111/1467-6419.00150
+<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Frey, B. S., and L. Goette. 1999. “Does Pay Motivate Volunteers?.”.[http://www.iew.unizh.ch/wp/iewwp007.pdf]</p>
-| volume = 15
+<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Gneezy, Uri, and Aldo Rustichini. 2000. “Pay Enough or Don't Pay at All.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> 115:791-810. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1162/003355300554917&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Pay%20Enough%20or%20Don't%20Pay%20at%20All&amp;rft.jtitle=Quarterly%20Journal%20of%20Economics&amp;rft.volume=115&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aufirst=Uri&amp;rft.aulast=Gneezy&amp;rft.au=Uri%20Gneezy&amp;rft.au=Aldo%20Rustichini&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pages=791-810"></span>[http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/003355300554917]</p>
-| issue = 5
+</div>
-| pages = 589-611
-| last = Frey
-| first = Bruno S.
-| coauthors = Reto Jegen
-| title = Motivation Crowding Theory
-| journal = Journal of Economic Surveys
-| accessdate = 2008-08-26
-| date = 2001
-| url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6419.00150
-}}
-{{Cite journal
+[[Category:Free software]]
-| doi = 10.1162/003355300554917
+[[Category:Research]]
-| volume = 115
-| issue = 3
-| pages = 791-810
-| last = Gneezy
-| first = Uri
-| coauthors = Aldo Rustichini
-| title = Pay Enough or Don't Pay at All
-| journal = Quarterly Journal of Economics
-| accessdate = 2008-08-26
-| date = 2000
-| url = http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/003355300554917
-}}
-[[Category:FOSS]]