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===China=== | ===China=== | ||
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China Wikipedia] | |||
Health care | Health care |
Revision as of 17:45, 8 December 2009
Public Health
Nigeria
Health care
- Total health care expenditure: 4.6% GDP
- Federal government expenditure: 1.5% GDP
- General structure: 3 tiers of government + private health care
- Fed: University teaching hospitals
- State: General hospitals
- Local: Dispensaries
- Insurance: National Health Insurance Scheme (1999/2004 amendment)
- Free health care for all citizens
- Governmental employees insurance scheme
- Private firms contracting with private health care providers
- covers children under five, permanently disabled persons and prison inmates.
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production: 0.25%(1970-90)
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 187/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
- Health care in Nigeria is influenced by different local and regional factors that impacts the quality or quantity present in one location.
- Also, the Nigerian ministry of health usually spend about 70% of its budget in urban areas where 30% of the population resides.
- It is assumed by some scholars that the health care service is inversely related to the need of patients.
- Emigration of health care professionals
Ethiopia
Health care
- Total health care expenditure: 4.9% GDP (2005)
- Per capita expenditure: 4 USD
- General structure: Health Sector Development Program (HSDP)
- a primary health care unit, (a network of a health center and five health posts)
- the hospital
- regional hospital
- specialized referral hospital.
- 4 tier financing
- the federal and regional governments
- grants and loans from bilateral and multilateral donors
- non-governmental organizations
- private contributions.
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Physician: Patients = <1 : 10,000
- In November 2004, the government launched a five-year program to expand primary health care.
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy (M/F): 55/58
- Probability of death before 5YO: 166/1000
- Rank of health care systems (2000): 180/191
- Prevalent diseases: Communicable diseases (Malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB)
- HIV/AIDS:
- In January 2005, it began distributing antiretroviral drugs, hoping to reach up to 30,000 HIV-infected adults.
Problems:
- Health care is disproportionately available in urban centers; in rural areas where the vast majority of the population resides, access to health care varies from limited to nonexistent.
- According to the UN and the World Bank, Ethiopia at present suffers from a structural food deficit such that even in the most productive years,
Tanzania
Health care
- Total health care expenditure:
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
South Africa
Health care
- Total health care expenditure: 8.7% GDP (2005) or $437 per capita
- General structure: parallel private and public systems
- Public cover most of the populations
- Wealthiest 20% uses private
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 175/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
Morocco
Health care
- Total health care expenditure: 1.1% GDP
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5: 40/1000 (2006)
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
Thailand
Health care
- Total health care expenditure: 4.4% (2002) or 321USD
- 57.1% from public sector
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- introduced universal coverage reforms in 2001
- Means-tested health care for low income households was replaced by a new and more comprehensive insurance scheme, originally known as the 30 baht project, in line with the small co-payment charged for treatment. People joining the scheme receive a gold card which allows them to access services in their health district, and, if necessary, be referred for specialist treatment elsewhere.
- The bulk of finance comes from public revenues, with funding allocated to Contracting Units for Primary Care annually on a population basis. According to the WHO, 65% of Thailand's health care expenditure in 2004 came from the government, 35% was from private sources
- The then Public Health Minister, Mongkol Na Songkhla, abolished the 30 baht co-payment and made the UC scheme free.
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
- 85% have access to potable water
- 99% have access to sanitation
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases: HIV/AIDS, H5N1 (avian), bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, and leptospirosis.
- HIV/AIDS: Full governmental support on antiretroviral treatment.
Problems:
China
Health care
- Total health care expenditure:
- General structure: 3 tiered
- The low 2 tiers make up rural collective health system that provide most the country's medical care.
- barefoot doctors at village medical centers: preventive and primary care services (2/1000 pts)
- assistant doctors at outpatient clinics in township health centers (10,000-30,000 pts/center)
- senior doctors at county hospitals (3rd and 4th tiers)
- paramedical personnels in urban areas in factories and neighborhood health stations
- professional care at district hospitals
- To ensure a higher level of care, a number of state enterprises and government agencies sent their employees directly to district or municipal hospitals, circumventing the paramedical, or barefoot doctor, stage.
- Insurance: The New Rural Co-operative Medical Care System (NRCMCS)
- is a new 2005 initiative to overhaul the health care system, particularly intended to make it more affordable for the rural poor.
- the annual cost of medical cover is 50 yuan (US$7) per person. Of that, 20 yuan is paid in by the central government, 20 yuan by the provincial government and a contribution of 10 yuan is made by the patient.
- As of September 2007, around 80% of the whole rural population of China had signed up (about 685 million people).
- The system is tiered, depending on the location.
- A small hospital or clinic in their local town: the scheme covers 70-80% of their bill.
- A county one: about 60%.
- Specialist help in a large modern city hospital: about 30%
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 144/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases: Chronic diseases
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
- A system that keeps basic wages low, but allows doctors to make money from prescriptions and investigations, leads to perverse incentives and inefficiency at all levels.
- As in many other countries, to develop systems of health insurance and community financing which will allow coverage for most people is a huge challenge when the population is aging and treatments are becoming more sophisticated and expensive. Several different models (i.e. Basic Health Services Project 1998-2007) have been developed across the country to attempt to address the problems.
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Indonesia
Health care
- Total health care expenditure:
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
Malaysia
Health care
- Total health care expenditure:
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
Costa Rica
Health care
- Total health care expenditure:
- General structure:
- Insurance:
- Misc facts
- Rate of growth of per capita food production:
Health Facts:
- Life expectancy:
- Mortality before age of 5:
- Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
- Prevalent diseases:
- HIV/AIDS:
Problems:
Movies
Movies I liked
- Trouble the water
Computer Stuff
Writing down things I've learned. Some miscellaneous stuff are:
- AJAX example: Checks if the username you entered is taken.
- Javascript example: Drag choices up and down.
MySQL
Cheat Sheet
- mysql_connect()
- mysql_select_db()
- mysql_query()
- mysql_num_rows()
- mysql_free_result()
- mysql_close()
Problem I tried to write a php and connect to mysql in it but I got an error:
Fatal Error: undefined function mysql_connect()
Solution
This page suggested that mysql isn't enabled by dafault in php5. I installed php5-mysql and restarted apache2 (don't know if that was necessary) and now it works.
Problem I restarted my computer because I couldn't start gimp unless I was root. Clint told me that I should sudo /etc/init.d/dbus restart , which basically restarted my whole computer. Since then, I couldn't use mysql because I kept getting this error:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)
Solution
I followed this and restarted mysql by:
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
But it fails. It seems like I touched my.cnf and didn't restart mysql, so when my computer restarted, it incorporated the changes I made in my.cnf and mysql stopped working. I reinstalled mysql-server through apt-get, restarted mysql and now it's fine.
Problem I have a bunch of text files from USDA, which contain bits and pieces USDA ASCII databases. I want to put them into mysql.
Solution
1. I found schema.sql that Erik created, so I'm going to borrow it rather than creating my own.
mysql databasename < schema.sql -p
Problem:
mysql> create database newdatabase;
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'user'@'localhost'...
Solution:
1. Check grants for 'user'@'localhost' in mysql:
mysql> show grants for 'user'@'localhost';
2. Log into mysql as root (has all privileges) and change grants for a specific user:
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'user'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
3. Log back into mysql as user (now has all privileges) and try creating a new database again.
Django
- Tried setting up Django on my computer by following this tutorial
Problem:
It worked mostly ok but I couldn't go further than the second to the last coding box on page 4. I kept getting long error messages.
Solution:
Django tutorial about django.contrib.admin
1. Check if I typed in the correct codes.
2. Check if the output are the same everwhere:
Although the codes were correct, they didn't create all the necessary things, so it couldn't find the index.html.
- I went to setting.py to specify:
- the absolute path for Template_Dir. Don't forget the , after '/path/' .
- two additional Installed_Apps: myprj_myapp (where I save my project) and django.contrib.admin . Run python manage.py syncdb afterwards.
This created myapp_post and django_admin_log in mysql database.
Javascript
HTML
Problem:
I didn't know what meant.
Solution:
This website says: An HTML table has two kinds of cells:
* Header cells - contains header information (created with the th element) * Standard cells - contains data (created with the td element)
Problem:
I didn't know what <form name="form1"> meant.
Solution:
"A form is an area that can contain form elements.
Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form." とほほのjavascript