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| == Foundational readings ==
| | {{notice | This page has been moved [http://pedia.media.mit.edu/Free_Software_Reading_Group here].}} |
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| Hesse, Carla. 2002. “The rise of intellectual property, 700 B.C.-A.D. 2000: An idea in the balance.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Daedalus</span> 131:26. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20rise%20of%20intellectual%20property%2C%20700%20B.C.-A.D.%202000%3A%20An%20idea%20in%20the%20balance&rft.jtitle=Daedalus&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=2&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft.aulast=Hesse&rft.au=Carla%20Hesse&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=26&rft.issn=00115266"> </span>
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| Shirky, Clay. 2008. <span style="font-style:italic;">Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations</span>. Penguin Press HC, The. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A1594201536&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Here%20Comes%20Everybody%3A%20The%20Power%20of%20Organizing%20Without%20Organizations&rft.publisher=Penguin%20Press%20HC%2C%20The&rft.aufirst=Clay&rft.aulast=Shirky&rft.au=Clay%20Shirky&rft.date=2008-02-28&rft.pages=336&rft.isbn=1594201536"> </span> (Chapter: “Failure For Free”)
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| Winner, Langdon. 1988. <span style="font-style:italic;">The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology</span>. University Of Chicago Press. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A0226902110&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The%20Whale%20and%20the%20Reactor%3A%20A%20Search%20for%20Limits%20in%20an%20Age%20of%20High%20Technology&rft.publisher=University%20Of%20Chicago%20Press&rft.aufirst=Langdon&rft.aulast=Winner&rft.au=Langdon%20Winner&rft.date=1988&rft.pages=214&rft.isbn=0226902110"> </span> (In particular, Chapter “Do Artifacts Have Politics?”)
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| == History and primary materials ==
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| Fogel, Karl. 2005. <span style="font-style:italic;">Producing Open Source Software: How to Run a Successful Free Software Project</span>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A0596007590&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Producing%20Open%20Source%20Software%3A%20How%20to%20Run%20a%20Successful%20Free%20Software%20Project&rft.publisher=O'Reilly%20Media%2C%20Inc.&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft.aulast=Fogel&rft.au=Karl%20Fogel&rft.date=2005-10-07&rft.pages=302&rft.isbn=0596007590"> </span>
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| Levy, Steven, and Steven Levy. 2001. <span style="font-style:italic;">Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution</span>. Updated. Penguin (Non-Classics). <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A0141000511&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hackers%3A%20Heroes%20of%20the%20Computer%20Revolution&rft.publisher=Penguin%20(Non-Classics)&rft.edition=Updated&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.au=Steven%20Levy&rft.au=Steven%20Levy&rft.date=2001&rft.pages=464&rft.isbn=0141000511"> </span> (Epilog)
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| Raymond, Eric S. 1999. <span style="font-style:italic;">The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary</span>. edited by Tim O'Reilly. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The%20Cathedral%20and%20the%20Bazaar%3A%20Musings%20on%20Linux%20and%20Open%20Source%20by%20an%20Accidental%20Revolutionary&rft.place=Sebastopol%2C%20CA&rft.publisher=O'Reilly%20and%20Associates&rft.aufirst=Eric%20S.&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.au=Eric%20S.%20Raymond&rft.au=Tim%20O'Reilly&rft.date=1999"> </span>
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| Stallman, R. 2002. “The Free Software Definition.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman”, Boston: GNU</span>. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Free%20Software%20Definition&rft.jtitle=Free%20Software%2C%20Free%20Society%3A%20Selected%20Essays%20of%20Richard%20M.%20Stallman%E2%80%9D%2C%20Boston%3A%20GNU&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.aulast=Stallman&rft.au=R.%20Stallman&rft.date=2002"> </span>
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| Stallman, Richard M. 2002. <span style="font-style:italic;">Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</span>. Free Software Foundation. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A1882114981&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Free%20Software%2C%20Free%20Society%3A%20Selected%20Essays%20of%20Richard%20M.%20Stallman&rft.publisher=Free%20Software%20Foundation&rft.aufirst=Richard%20M.&rft.aulast=Stallman&rft.au=Richard%20M.%20Stallman&rft.au=Lawrence%20Lessig&rft.date=2002-10-10&rft.pages=224&rft.isbn=1882114981"> </span>
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| == Philosophical perspectives ==
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| Chopra, Samir, and Scott Dexter. 2007. <span style="font-style:italic;">Decoding Liberation: The Promise of Free and Open Source Software</span>. 1st ed. Routledge. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A0415978939&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decoding%20Liberation%3A%20The%20Promise%20of%20Free%20and%20Open%20Source%20Software&rft.publisher=Routledge&rft.edition=1&rft.aufirst=Samir&rft.aulast=Chopra&rft.au=Samir%20Chopra&rft.au=Scott%20Dexter&rft.date=2007-08-14&rft.pages=232&rft.isbn=0415978939"> </span>
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| Feller, Joseph et al. 2005. <span style="font-style:italic;">Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software</span>. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A0262062461%2C%209780262062466&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perspectives%20on%20Free%20and%20Open%20Source%20Software&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Feller&rft.au=Joseph%20Feller&rft.au=Brian%20Fitzgerald&rft.au=Scott%20A.%20Hissam&rft.au=Karim%20R.%20Lakhani&rft.au=Michael%20Cusumano&rft.au=Joseph%20Feller%2C%20Brian%20Fitzgerald%2C%20Scott%20A.%20Hissam%2C%20Michael%20Cusumano&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=538&rft.isbn=0262062461%2C%209780262062466"> </span> (“Open Code and Open Societies” by Lawrence Lessig)
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| Meretz, Stefan. 2007. “GNU/Linux is not a thing of value -- and that is fine!.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Open Theory</span>. http://www.opentheory.org/linux-worthless/text.phtml (Accessed September 8, 2008).
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| Merten, Stefan. 2000. “GNU/Linux - Milestone on the Way to the GPL Society.” in <span style="font-style:italic;">Processings of LinuxTag 2000</span>. Karlsruhe, Germany http://www.oekonux.org/texts/meilenstein/english.html (Accessed September 8, 2008).
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| Merten, Stefan. 2001. “Free Software & GPL Society.” http://subsol.c3.hu/subsol_2/contributors0/mertentext.html (Accessed September 8, 2008).
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| Seaman, Graham. 2002. “The Two Economies: Why the washing machine question is the wrong question.” http://www.oekonux.org/list-en/archive/msg02563.html (Accessed September 7, 2008).
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| == Anthropological perspectives ==
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| Coleman, Gabriella. 2003. “The (copylefted) Source Code for the Ethical Production of Information Freedom».” <span style="font-style:italic;">Sarai Reader: Shaping Technologies</span> 297-302. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20(copylefted)%20Source%20Code%20for%20the%20Ethical%20Production%20of%20Information%20Freedom%C2%BB&rft.jtitle=Sarai%20Reader%3A%20Shaping%20Technologies&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.au=G.%20Coleman&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=297-302"> </span>
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| Coleman, Gabriella. 2004. “The Political Agnosticism of Free and Open Source Software and the Inadvertent Politics of Contrast.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Anthropological Quarterly</span> 77:507-519. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Political%20Agnosticism%20of%20Free%20and%20Open%20Source%20Software%20and%20the%20Inadvertent%20Politics%20of%20Contrast&rft.jtitle=Anthropological%20Quarterly&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.aufirst=Gabriella.&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.au=Gabriella.%20Coleman&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=507-519&rft.issn=1534-1518"> </span>
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| Coleman, Gabriella. 2005. “The Social Construction of Freedom in Free and Open Source Software: Hackers, Ethics, and the Liberal Tradition.” University of Chicago. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The%20Social%20Construction%20of%20Freedom%20in%20Free%20and%20Open%20Source%20Software%3A%20Hackers%2C%20Ethics%2C%20and%20the%20Liberal%20Tradition%0A&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.au=Gabriella%20Coleman&rft.date=2005"> </span>
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| Kelty, Christopher. 2008. <span style="font-style:italic;">Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software</span>. Durham: Duke University Press. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=urn%3Aisbn%3A9780822342649&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two%20Bits%3A%20The%20Cultural%20Significance%20of%20Free%20Software&rft.place=Durham&rft.publisher=Duke%20University%20Press&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Kelty&rft.au=Christopher%20Kelty&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780822342649"> </span>
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| == Economic perspectives ==
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| Lakhani, Karim. 2006. “The core and the periphery in distributed and self-organizing innovation systems.” Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/34144 (Accessed September 8, 2008). <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The%20core%20and%20the%20periphery%20in%20distributed%20and%20self-organizing%20innovation%20systems&rft.aufirst=Karim&rft.aulast=Lakhani&rft.au=Karim%20Lakhani&rft.date=2006"> </span>
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| Lakhani, Karim R., and Eric von Hippel. 2003. “How open source software works: "free" user-to-user assistance.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Research Policy</span> 32:923-943. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1016/S0048-7333%2802%2900095-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How%20open%20source%20software%20works%3A%20%22free%22%20user-to-user%20assistance&rft.jtitle=Research%20Policy&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.aufirst=Karim%20R.&rft.aulast=Lakhani&rft.au=Karim%20R.%20Lakhani&rft.au=Eric%20von%20Hippel&rft.date=2003-06&rft.pages=923-943"> </span>
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| Riehle, Dirk. 2007. “The Economic Motivation of Open Source Software: Stakeholder Perspectives.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Computer</span> 25-32. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Economic%20Motivation%20of%20Open%20Source%20Software%3A%20Stakeholder%20Perspectives&rft.jtitle=Computer&rft.aufirst=Dirk&rft.aulast=Riehle&rft.au=Dirk%20Riehle&rft.date=2007&rft.pages=25-32"> </span>
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