Editing Crowding out

[[wikipedia:Motivation crowding theory|Motivation crowding theory]] is an phenomena in economics that explains how, for example, paid labor can undermine intrinsic motivation. In particular, I am interested in the effect that crowding out has on free and open source software projects where large number of contributions may come from volunteers. Unintuitively, it seems that paying people to do a task may reduce the amount of work completed.

Web pages that discuss the topic include:

* Wikipedia articles on the [[wikipedia:Crowding_out_(economics)|crowding out in economics theory]] and on [[wikipedia:Motivation crowding theory|Motivation crowding theory]]
* [http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/cont_reward.html Page on the Rewards Controversy]
* [http://tieguy.org/blog/2006/06/18/crowding-out-of-intrinsic-motivations-aka-the-bounty-problem/ Discussion of the issue as it pertains to free software] as it appeared on Luis Villa's blog
* [[User:Benjamin Mako Hill|Mako's]] article on [http://mako.cc/writing/funding_volunteers/funding_volunteers.html Problems and Strategies in Financing Voluntary Free Software Projects]
* [[User:Evan Prodromou]]'s [http://evan.prodromou.name/Paying_wiki_contributors Paying wiki contributors]

=== Academic References ===

<div style="line-height:1.1em;margin-left:0.5in;text-indent:-0.5in;">
<p style="margin:0">Enjolras, Bernard. 2002. “Does the Commercialization of Voluntary Organizations 'Crowd out' Voluntary Work?.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics</span> 73:375-398. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1111/1467-8292.00197&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Does%20the%20Commercialization%20of%20Voluntary%20Organizations%20'Crowd%20out'%20Voluntary%20Work%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Annals%20of%20Public%20and%20Cooperative%20Economics&amp;rft.volume=73&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard&amp;rft.aulast=Enjolras&amp;rft.au=Bernard%20Enjolras&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pages=375-398"></span>[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118931831/abstract]</p>

<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Frey, Bruno S., and Reto Jegen. 2001. “Motivation Crowding Theory.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal of Economic Surveys</span> 15:589-611. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1111/1467-6419.00150&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Motivation%20Crowding%20Theory&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20Economic%20Surveys&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruno%20S.&amp;rft.aulast=Frey&amp;rft.au=Bruno%20S.%20Frey&amp;rft.au=Reto%20Jegen&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.pages=589-611"></span>[http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-6419.00150][http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=203330]</p>
<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Frey, B. S., and L. Goette. 1999. “Does Pay Motivate Volunteers?.”.[http://www.iew.unizh.ch/wp/iewwp007.pdf]</p>
<p style="margin:1.1em 0 0 0">Gneezy, Uri, and Aldo Rustichini. 2000. “Pay Enough or Don't Pay at All.” <span style="font-style:italic;">Quarterly Journal of Economics</span> 115:791-810. <span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi/10.1162/003355300554917&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Pay%20Enough%20or%20Don't%20Pay%20at%20All&amp;rft.jtitle=Quarterly%20Journal%20of%20Economics&amp;rft.volume=115&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.aufirst=Uri&amp;rft.aulast=Gneezy&amp;rft.au=Uri%20Gneezy&amp;rft.au=Aldo%20Rustichini&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pages=791-810"></span>[http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/003355300554917]</p>
</div>

[[Category:Free software]]
[[Category:Research]]