Mika/Notes

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Revision as of 19:45, 8 December 2009 by Mika (talk | contribs) (→‎China: added problems)

Public Health

Nigeria

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure: 4.6% GDP
    • Federal government expenditure: 1.5% GDP
  • General structure: 3 tiers of government + private health care
    • Fed: University teaching hospitals
    • State: General hospitals
    • Local: Dispensaries
  • Insurance: National Health Insurance Scheme (1999/2004 amendment)
    • Free health care for all citizens
    • Governmental employees insurance scheme
    • Private firms contracting with private health care providers
    • covers children under five, permanently disabled persons and prison inmates.
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production: 0.25%(1970-90)

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 187/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

  • Health care in Nigeria is influenced by different local and regional factors that impacts the quality or quantity present in one location.
  • Also, the Nigerian ministry of health usually spend about 70% of its budget in urban areas where 30% of the population resides.
  • It is assumed by some scholars that the health care service is inversely related to the need of patients.
  • Emigration of health care professionals

Ethiopia

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure: 4.9% GDP (2005)
    • Per capita expenditure: 4 USD
  • General structure: Health Sector Development Program (HSDP)
    • a primary health care unit, (a network of a health center and five health posts)
    • the hospital
    • regional hospital
    • specialized referral hospital.
  • 4 tier financing
    • the federal and regional governments
    • grants and loans from bilateral and multilateral donors
    • non-governmental organizations
    • private contributions.
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Physician: Patients = <1 : 10,000
    • In November 2004, the government launched a five-year program to expand primary health care.

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy (M/F): 55/58
  • Probability of death before 5YO: 166/1000
  • Rank of health care systems (2000): 180/191
  • Prevalent diseases: Communicable diseases (Malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB)
  • HIV/AIDS:
    • In January 2005, it began distributing antiretroviral drugs, hoping to reach up to 30,000 HIV-infected adults.

Problems:

  • Health care is disproportionately available in urban centers; in rural areas where the vast majority of the population resides, access to health care varies from limited to nonexistent.
  • According to the UN and the World Bank, Ethiopia at present suffers from a structural food deficit such that even in the most productive years,

Tanzania

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure:
  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

South Africa

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure: 8.7% GDP (2005) or $437 per capita


  • General structure: parallel private and public systems
    • Public cover most of the populations
    • Wealthiest 20% uses private
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 175/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

Morocco

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure: 1.1% GDP
  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5: 40/1000 (2006)
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

Thailand

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure: 4.4% (2002) or 321USD
    • 57.1% from public sector


  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
    • introduced universal coverage reforms in 2001
    • Means-tested health care for low income households was replaced by a new and more comprehensive insurance scheme, originally known as the 30 baht project, in line with the small co-payment charged for treatment. People joining the scheme receive a gold card which allows them to access services in their health district, and, if necessary, be referred for specialist treatment elsewhere.
    • The bulk of finance comes from public revenues, with funding allocated to Contracting Units for Primary Care annually on a population basis. According to the WHO, 65% of Thailand's health care expenditure in 2004 came from the government, 35% was from private sources
    • The then Public Health Minister, Mongkol Na Songkhla, abolished the 30 baht co-payment and made the UC scheme free.


  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:
    • 85% have access to potable water
    • 99% have access to sanitation

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases: HIV/AIDS, H5N1 (avian), bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue fever, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, and leptospirosis.
  • HIV/AIDS: Full governmental support on antiretroviral treatment.

Problems:

China

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure:
  • General structure: 3 tiered
  • The low 2 tiers make up rural collective health system that provide most the country's medical care.
    • barefoot doctors at village medical centers: preventive and primary care services (2/1000 pts)
    • assistant doctors at outpatient clinics in township health centers (10,000-30,000 pts/center)
    • senior doctors at county hospitals (3rd and 4th tiers)
    • paramedical personnels in urban areas in factories and neighborhood health stations
    • professional care at district hospitals

- To ensure a higher level of care, a number of state enterprises and government agencies sent their employees directly to district or municipal hospitals, circumventing the paramedical, or barefoot doctor, stage.

  • Insurance: The New Rural Co-operative Medical Care System (NRCMCS)
    • is a new 2005 initiative to overhaul the health care system, particularly intended to make it more affordable for the rural poor.
    • the annual cost of medical cover is 50 yuan (US$7) per person. Of that, 20 yuan is paid in by the central government, 20 yuan by the provincial government and a contribution of 10 yuan is made by the patient.
    • As of September 2007, around 80% of the whole rural population of China had signed up (about 685 million people).
    • The system is tiered, depending on the location.
    • A small hospital or clinic in their local town: the scheme covers 70-80% of their bill.
    • A county one: about 60%.
    • Specialist help in a large modern city hospital: about 30%
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 144/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases: Chronic diseases
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

  • A system that keeps basic wages low, but allows doctors to make money from prescriptions and investigations, leads to perverse incentives and inefficiency at all levels.
  • As in many other countries, to develop systems of health insurance and community financing which will allow coverage for most people is a huge challenge when the population is aging and treatments are becoming more sophisticated and expensive. Several different models (i.e. Basic Health Services Project 1998-2007) have been developed across the country to attempt to address the problems.

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Indonesia

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure:
  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

Malaysia

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure:
  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

Costa Rica

Health care

  • Total health care expenditure:
  • General structure:
  • Insurance:
  • Misc facts
    • Rate of growth of per capita food production:

Health Facts:

  • Life expectancy:
  • Mortality before age of 5:
  • Rank of health care systems: 156/191 (WHO 2000)
  • Prevalent diseases:
  • HIV/AIDS:

Problems:

Movies

Movies I liked

  • Trouble the water

Computer Stuff

Writing down things I've learned. Some miscellaneous stuff are:

  • AJAX example: Checks if the username you entered is taken.
  • Javascript example: Drag choices up and down.

MySQL

Cheat Sheet

  • mysql_connect()
  • mysql_select_db()
  • mysql_query()
  • mysql_num_rows()
  • mysql_free_result()
  • mysql_close()

Problem I tried to write a php and connect to mysql in it but I got an error: 

Fatal Error: undefined function mysql_connect()

Solution

This page suggested that mysql isn't enabled by dafault in php5. I installed php5-mysql and restarted apache2 (don't know if that was necessary) and now it works.

Problem I restarted my computer because I couldn't start gimp unless I was root. Clint told me that I should sudo /etc/init.d/dbus restart , which basically restarted my whole computer. Since then, I couldn't use mysql because I kept getting this error:

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

Solution

I followed this and restarted mysql by:

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

But it fails. It seems like I touched my.cnf and didn't restart mysql, so when my computer restarted, it incorporated the changes I made in my.cnf and mysql stopped working. I reinstalled mysql-server through apt-get, restarted mysql and now it's fine.


Problem I have a bunch of text files from USDA, which contain bits and pieces USDA ASCII databases. I want to put them into mysql.

Solution

1. I found schema.sql that Erik created, so I'm going to borrow it rather than creating my own.

mysql databasename < schema.sql -p


Problem:

mysql> create database newdatabase;

ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'user'@'localhost'...

Solution:

mysql

1. Check grants for 'user'@'localhost' in mysql:

mysql> show grants for 'user'@'localhost';

2. Log into mysql as root (has all privileges) and change grants for a specific user:

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'user'@'localhost';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3. Log back into mysql as user (now has all privileges) and try creating a new database again.


Django

  • Tried setting up Django on my computer by following this tutorial

Problem:

It worked mostly ok but I couldn't go further than the second to the last coding box on page 4. I kept getting long error messages.

Solution:

Django tutorial about django.contrib.admin

1. Check if I typed in the correct codes.

2. Check if the output are the same everwhere:

Although the codes were correct, they didn't create all the necessary things, so it couldn't find the index.html.

  • I went to setting.py to specify:
    • the absolute path for Template_Dir. Don't forget the , after '/path/' .
    • two additional Installed_Apps: myprj_myapp (where I save my project) and django.contrib.admin . Run python manage.py syncdb afterwards.

This created myapp_post and django_admin_log in mysql database.

Javascript

JS Tutorial

HTML

Problem:

I didn't know what meant.

Solution:

This website says: An HTML table has two kinds of cells: 

   * Header cells - contains header information (created with the th element)
   * Standard cells - contains data (created with the td element)

Problem:

I didn't know what <form name="form1"> meant.

Solution:

"A form is an area that can contain form elements.

Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form." とほほのjavascript

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